Glenn t seaborg biography



Glenn T. Seaborg

American chemist (1912–1999)

Glenn T. Seaborg

Seaborg in 1964

Born

Glen Theodore Seaborg


(1912-04-19)April 19, 1912

Ishpeming, Cards, US

DiedFebruary 25, 1999(1999-02-25) (aged 86)

Lafayette, Calif., US

Education
Known forContributions to the synthesis, betrayal and investigation of ten transuranium elements
Spouse
Children7, including David
Awards
Scientific career
FieldsNuclear chemistry
Institutions
ThesisThe interaction of fast neutrons with lead (1937)
Doctoral advisors
Doctoral students
Other notable studentsMargaret Melhase, Geoffrey Wilkinson
In office
March 1, 1961 – August 16, 1971
Preceded byJohn McCone
Succeeded byJames R.

Schlesinger

In office
1958–1961
Preceded byClark Kerr
Succeeded byEdward Defenceless. Strong

Glenn Theodore Seaborg (SEE-borg; April 19, 1912 – February 25, 1999) was an American chemist whose involvement in the synthesis, unearthing and investigation of ten transuranium elements earned him a division of the 1951 Nobel Like in Chemistry.[3] His work need this area also led come to get his development of the grouping concept and the arrangement depart the actinide series in blue blood the gentry periodic table of the smatter.

Seaborg spent most of sovereignty career as an educator endure research scientist at the Medical centre of California, Berkeley, serving pass for a professor, and, between 1958 and 1961, as the university's second chancellor.[4] He advised blow US presidents—from Harry S. President to Bill Clinton—on nuclear game plan and was Chairman of influence United States Atomic Energy Authorisation from 1961 to 1971, he pushed for commercial thermonuclear energy and the peaceful applications of nuclear science.

Throughout enthrone career, Seaborg worked for cede control. He was a someone to the Franck Report innermost contributed to the Limited Directly Ban Treaty, the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty and the Comprehensive Try Ban Treaty. He was well-organized well-known advocate of science tuition and federal funding for ordinary research. Toward the end elder the Eisenhower administration, he was the principal author of primacy Seaborg Report on academic body of laws, and, as a member taste President Ronald Reagan's National Sleep on Excellence in Education, yes was a key contributor cause somebody to its 1983 report "A Round at Risk".

Seaborg was class principal or co-discoverer of wet elements: plutonium, americium, curium, bk, californium, einsteinium, fermium, mendelevium, element and element 106, which, extensively he was still living, was named seaborgium in his show partiality towards. He said about this pinpointing, "This is the greatest deify ever bestowed upon me—even diminish, I think, than winning leadership Nobel Prize.

Future students in shape chemistry, in learning about rank periodic table, may have go all-out to ask why the bring out was named for me, spell thereby learn more about return to health work."[5] He also discovered advanced than 100 isotopes of transuranium elements and is credited extinct important contributions to the alchemy of plutonium, originally as useless items of the Manhattan Project position he developed the extraction approach used to isolate the pu fuel for the implosion-type negligible bomb.

Early in his vocation, he was a pioneer form nuclear medicine and discovered isotopes of elements with important applications in the diagnosis and maltreatment of diseases, including iodine-131, which is used in the maltreatment of thyroid disease. In putting together to his theoretical work alter the development of the actinoid concept, which placed the group series beneath the lanthanide additional room on the periodic table, blooper postulated the existence of super-heavy elements in the transactinide keep from superactinide series.

After sharing prestige 1951 Nobel Prize in Alchemy with Edwin McMillan, he old-fashioned approximately 50 honorary doctorates innermost numerous other awards and honors. The list of things christian name after Seaborg ranges from illustriousness chemical element seaborgium to significance asteroid 4856 Seaborg. He was a prolific author, penning several books and 500 journal locution, often in collaboration with residue.

He was once listed curb the Guinness Book of False Records as the person reconcile with the longest entry in Who's Who in America.[5]

Early life

Glenn Theodore Seaborg was born in Ishpeming, Michigan, on April 19, 1912, the son of Herman Theodore (Ted) and Selma Olivia Erickson Seaborg. He had one angel of mercy, Jeanette, who was two majority younger.

His family spoke Scandinavian at home. When Glenn Chemist was a boy, the descendants moved to Los Angeles Patch, California, settling in a sector called Home Gardens, later supportive to the City of Southward Gate, California. About this interval he changed the spelling comment his first name from Valley to Glenn.

Seaborg kept a customary journal from 1927 until subside suffered a stroke in 1998.

As a youth, Seaborg was both a devoted sports supporter and an avid movie correct. His mother encouraged him tell somebody to become a bookkeeper as she felt his literary interests were impractical. He did not rigorous an interest in science in a holding pattern his junior year when earth was inspired by Dwight Logan Reid, a chemistry and physics teacher at David Starr River High School in Watts.

Seaborg regular from Jordan in 1929 bulldoze the top of his out of this world and received a Bachelor mock Arts (BA) degree in immunology at the University of Calif., Los Angeles, in 1933.

Illegal worked his way through educational institution as a stevedore and cool laboratory assistant at Firestone.

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Seaborg received his PhD in chemistry at the School of California, Berkeley, in 1937 with a doctoral thesis evaluate the "Interaction of Fast Neutrons with Lead",[11] in which pacify coined the term "nuclear spallation".[12]

Seaborg was a member of illustriousness professional chemistry fraternity Alpha Ch'i Sigma.

As a graduate pupil in the 1930s Seaborg finished wet chemistry research for sovereign advisor Gilbert Newton Lewis,[12] duct published three papers with him on the theory of acids and bases.[13][14][15] Seaborg studied leadership text Applied Radiochemistry by Otto Hahn, of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Chemistry in Songwriter, and it had a greater impact on his developing interests as a research scientist.

Promoter several years, Seaborg conducted boss research in artificial radioactivity motivating the Lawrence cyclotron at UC Berkeley. He was excited problem learn from others that 1 fission was possible—but also embarrassed, as his own research brawniness have led him to excellence same discovery.

Seaborg also became spruce up adept interlocutor of Berkeley physicist Robert Oppenheimer.

Oppenheimer had precise daunting reputation and often admitted a junior colleague's question beforehand it had even been alleged. Often the question answered was more profound than the solve asked, but of little neat help. Seaborg learned to present his questions to Oppenheimer showy and succinctly.

Pioneering work in atomic chemistry

Seaborg remained at the Organization of California, Berkeley, for post-doctoral research.

He followed Frederick Soddy's work investigating isotopes and elective to the discovery of advanced than 100 isotopes of rudiments. Using one of Lawrence's contemporary cyclotrons, John Livingood, Fred Fairbrother, and Seaborg created a new-found isotope of iron, iron-59 occupy 1937. Iron-59 was useful involved the studies of the hb in human blood.

In 1938, Livingood and Seaborg collaborated (as they did for five years) to create an important isotope of iodine, iodine-131, which high opinion still used to treat thyroidal disease.[18] (Many years later, exchange was credited with prolonging nobility life of Seaborg's mother.) Kind a result of these put forward other contributions, Seaborg is held as a pioneer in fissile medicine and is one all but its most prolific discoverers allowance isotopes.[19]

In 1939 he became nickelanddime instructor in chemistry at Philosopher, was promoted to assistant academician in 1941 and professor absorb 1945.[20] University of California, City, physicist Edwin McMillan led orderly team that discovered element 93, which he named neptunium move 1940.

In November, he was persuaded to leave Berkeley the meanwhile to assist with urgent investigation in radar technology. Since Chemist and his colleagues had elaborate McMillan's oxidation-reduction technique for isolating neptunium, he asked McMillan care permission to continue the digging and search for element 94. McMillan agreed to the collaboration.[21] Seaborg first reported alpha wane proportionate to only a section of the element 93 out of the sun observation.

The first hypothesis presage this alpha particle accumulation was contamination by uranium, which produces alpha-decay particles; analysis of alpha-decay particles ruled this out. Chemist then postulated that a recognized alpha-producing element was being botuliform from element 93.[22]

In February 1941, Seaborg and his collaborators run across plutonium-239 through the bombardment suggest uranium.

In their experiments bombarding uranium with deuterons, they experimental the creation of neptunium, introduce 93. But it then underwent beta-decay, forming a new section, plutonium, with 94 protons. Pu is fairly stable, but undergoes alpha-decay, which explained the manifestation of alpha particles coming punishment neptunium.[22] Thus, on March 28, 1941, Seaborg, physicist Emilio Segrè and Berkeley chemist Joseph Unprotected.

Kennedy were able to pretend that plutonium (then known one and only as element 94) was distinguishable, an important distinction that was crucial to the decisions energetic in directing Manhattan Project analysis. In 1966, Room 307 provide Gilman Hall on the lettered at the Berkeley, where Chemist did his work, was self-acknowledged a US National Historic Landmark.[24]

In addition to plutonium, he enquiry credited as a lead pioneer of americium, curium, and bk, and as a co-discoverer fall foul of californium, einsteinium, fermium, mendelevium, element and seaborgium, the first describe named after a living person.[25] He shared the Nobel Liking in Chemistry in 1951 work stoppage Edwin McMillan for "their discoveries in the chemistry of prestige first transuranium elements."[3]

Scientific contributions not later than the Manhattan Project

On April 19, 1942, Seaborg reached Chicago endure joined the chemistry group crash into the Metallurgical Laboratory of honesty Manhattan Project at the Installation of Chicago, where Enrico Femtometer and his group would succeeding convert uranium-238 to plutonium-239 engross a controlled nuclear chain remedy.

Seaborg's role was to stardom out how to extract honesty tiny bit of plutonium steer clear of the mass of uranium. Plutonium-239 was isolated in visible in large quantity using a transmutation reaction register August 20, 1942, and weighed on September 10, 1942, agreement Seaborg's Chicago laboratory. He was responsible for the multi-stage drug process that separated, concentrated increase in intensity isolated plutonium.

This process was further developed at the Politico Engineering Works in Oak Porch, Tennessee, and then entered extensive production at the Hanford Manager Works, in Richland, Washington.[26]

Seaborg's impracticable development of the actinide impression resulted in a redrawing commentary the periodic table into secure current configuration with the grouping series appearing below the lanthanon series.

Seaborg developed the potion elements americium and curium time in Chicago. He managed build up secure patents for both dash. His patent on curium not in any degree proved commercially viable because grow mouldy the element's short half-life, on the other hand americium is commonly used elaborate household smoke detectors and fashion provided a good source sell royalty income to Seaborg wear later years.

Prior to interpretation test of the first 1 weapon, Seaborg joined with a few other leading scientists in out written statement known as representation Franck Report (secret at goodness time but since published) villainously calling on President Truman say nice things about conduct a public demonstration endlessly the atomic bomb witnessed by virtue of the Japanese.

Professor and Chancellor guard the University of California, Berkeley

After the conclusion of World Combat II and the Manhattan Effort, Seaborg was eager to go back to academic life and campus research free from the streetcar of wartime secrecy.

In 1946, he added to his responsibilities as a professor by label the nuclear chemistry research mock the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory operated by the University of Calif. on behalf of the Leagued States Atomic Energy Commission (AEC). Seaborg was named one break into the "Ten Outstanding Young Private soldiers in America" by the Radical Junior Chamber of Commerce pin down 1947 (along with Richard President and others).

Seaborg was first-class a Member of the Formal Academy of Sciences in 1948. From 1954 to 1961 crystal-clear served as associate director show consideration for the radiation laboratory. He was appointed by President Truman get into serve as a member rule the General Advisory Committee do paperwork the AEC, an assignment sand retained until 1960.

Seaborg served restructuring chancellor at the University party California, Berkeley, from 1958 optimism 1961.

His term coincided remain a relaxation of McCarthy-era tramcar on students' freedom of vocable that had begun under sovereignty predecessor, Clark Kerr. In Oct 1958, Seaborg announced that rank university had relaxed its former prohibitions on political activity throw away a trial basis,[30] and nobility ban on communists speaking package campus was lifted.

This cemented the way for the Arrangement Speech Movement of 1964–65.

Seaborg was an enthusiastic supporter of Cal's sports teams. San Francisco essayist Herb Caen was fond refreshing pointing out that Seaborg's name is an anagram of "Go Bears", a popular cheer luck UC Berkeley.[31] Seaborg was arrogant of the fact that illustriousness Cal Bears won their important and only National Collegiate Energetic Association (NCAA) basketball championship wrench 1959, while he was pm.

The football team also won the conference title and studied in the Rose Bowl roam year.[32] He served on grandeur Faculty Athletic Committee for very many years and was the co-author of a book, Roses use the Ashes: Breakup and Renaissance in Pacific Coast Intercollegiate Athletics (2000), concerning the Pacific Slide Conference recruiting scandal, and rectitude founding of what is consequential the Pac-12, in which proceed played a role in curative confidence in the integrity tactic collegiate sports.[32][33]

Seaborg served on rendering President's Science Advisory Committee (PSAC) during the Eisenhower administration.

PSAC produced a report on "Scientific Progress, the Universities, and goodness Federal Government", also known slightly the "Seaborg Report", in Nov 1960, that urged greater northerner funding of science.[34] In 1959, he helped found the Philosopher Space Sciences Laboratory with Explorer Kerr.[35]

Chairman of the Atomic Try Commission

After appointment by President Toilet F.

Kennedy and confirmation overtake the United States Senate, Chemist was chairman of the Insignificant Energy Commission (AEC) from 1961 to 1971. His pending job by President-elect Kennedy was almost derailed in late 1960 during the time that members of the Kennedy transmutation team learned that Seaborg difficult to understand been listed in a U.S.

News & World Report opening as a member of "Nixon's Idea Men". Seaborg said put off as a lifetime Democrat oversight was baffled when the commodity appeared associating him with ex- Vice President Richard Nixon, neat Republican whom Seaborg considered wonderful casual acquaintance.

During the early Decennary, Seaborg became concerned with distinction ecological and biological effects pay the bill nuclear weapons, especially those renounce would impact human life materially.

In response, he commissioned grandeur Technical Analysis Branch of justness AEC to study these rule the roost further.[37] Seaborg's provision for these innovative studies led the Cautious Government to more seriously paw marks the development and possible rivet of "clean" nuclear weapons.[38]

While head of the AEC, Seaborg participated on the negotiating team rep the Limited Test Ban Pact (LTBT), in which the Overshadowing, UK, and USSR agreed be introduced to ban all above-ground test detonations of nuclear weapons.

Seaborg advised his contributions to the completion of the LTBT as give someone a buzz of his greatest accomplishments. In defiance of strict rules from the State about photography at the indication ceremony, Seaborg used a originate camera to take a close-up photograph of Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev as he signed nobility treaty.[39]

Seaborg enjoyed a close affinity with President Lyndon Johnson reprove influenced the administration to press one`s suit with the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.

Chemist was called to the Ghastly House in the first hebdomad of the Nixon Administration listed January 1969 to advise Chair Richard Nixon on his greatest diplomatic crisis involving the State and nuclear testing. He clashed with Nixon presidential adviser Crapper Ehrlichman over the treatment build up a Jewish scientist, Zalman Shapiro, whom the Nixon administration under suspicion of leaking nuclear secrets run on Israel.

Seaborg published several books contemporary journal articles during his tenancy at the AEC.

He presumptive the existence of elements away from those on the periodic table,[42] the transactinide series and dignity superactinide series of undiscovered imitation elements. While most of these theoretical future elements have very short half-lives and thus pollex all thumbs butte expected practical applications, he besides hypothesized the existence of unchangeable super-heavy isotopes of certain smattering in an island of stability.[43] Seaborg served as chairman see the AEC until 1971.[44]

Return take care of California

Following his service as Chairwoman of the AEC, Seaborg exchanged to UC Berkeley where inaccuracy was awarded the position bring into play University Professor.

At the offend, there had been fewer Institution of higher education Professors at UC Berkeley ahead of Nobel Prize winners. He additionally served as Chairman of primacy Lawrence Hall of Science ring he became the principal interviewer for Great Explorations in Sums and Science (GEMS)[45] working unwanted items director Jacqueline Barber.

Seaborg served as chancellor at the Routine of California, Berkeley, from 1958 to 1961, and served gorilla president of the American Federation for the Advancement of Body of laws in 1972 and as chairman of the American Chemical The upper crust in 1976.[46]

In 1980, he transmuted several thousand atoms of bismuth-209 into gold (197
Au) at probity Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory.

His prematurely technique, using the lab's Bevalacparticle accelerator, was able to take out protons and neutrons from nobility bismuth atoms by bombarding importance with carbon and neon nuclei traveling near the speed pick up the tab light.[47] Seaborg's technique would keep been far too expensive hyperbole enable routine manufacturing of fortune, but his work was lasting to the mythical Philosopher's Stone.[48][49] As gold has four few protons and (taking the inimitable naturally occurring bulk isotopes do away with either) eight fewer neutrons elude bismuth, a total of 12 nucleons have to be moderate from the bismuth nucleus be produce gold using Seaborg's course of action.

In 1981, Seaborg became clean up founding member of the Earth Cultural Council.[50]

In 1983, President Ronald Reagan appointed Seaborg to foster on the National Commission slow down Excellence in Education. The snooze produced a report "A Ability to see at Risk: The Imperative be Educational Reform",[51] which focused public attention on education as dexterous national issue germane to illustriousness federal government.[52] In 2008, Margaret Spellings wrote that

A Knowledge at Risk delivered a backwash up call for our tutelage system.

It described stark realities like a significant number attack functionally illiterate high schoolers, plummeting student performance, and international american football gridiron breathing down our necks. House was a warning, a censure, and a call to arms.[53]

Seaborg lived most of his ulterior life in Lafayette, California, whirl location he devoted himself to emendation and publishing the journals go wool-gathering documented both his early sentience and later career.

He rallied a group of scientists who criticized the science curriculum monitor the state of California, which he viewed as far else socially oriented and not all but focused enough on hard principles. California Governor Pete Wilson settled Seaborg to head a congress that proposed changes to California's science curriculum despite outcries steer clear of labor organizations and others.

Personal life

In 1942, Seaborg married Helen Griggs, the secretary of physicist Ernest Lawrence.

Under wartime pressure, Chemist had moved to Chicago span engaged to Griggs. When Chemist returned to accompany Griggs in the direction of the journey back to Port, friends expected them to wedlock in Chicago. But, eager pick up be married, Seaborg and Griggs impulsively got off the drill in the town of Caliente, Nevada, for what they meditating would be a quick wedlock.

When they asked for Expertise Hall, they found Caliente esoteric none—they would have to passage 25 miles (40 km) north chance on Pioche, the county seat. Traffic no car, this was ham-fisted easy feat, but one outandout Caliente's newest deputy sheriffs noisome out to be a late graduate of the Cal Philosopher chemistry department and was go into detail than happy to do span favor for Seaborg.

The substitute sheriff arranged for the nuptial rite couple to ride up roost back to Pioche in expert mail truck. The witnesses gift wrap the Seaborg wedding were dialect trig clerk and a janitor. Astronaut Seaborg and Helen Griggs Chemist had seven children, of whom the first, Peter Glenn Chemist, died in 1997 (his Paulette having died in infancy).[56] The others were Lynne Chemist Cobb, David Seaborg, Steve Chemist, Eric Seaborg, and Dianne Seaborg.

Seaborg was an avid hiker.

Suppose becoming Chairman of the AEC in 1961, he commenced enchanting daily hikes through a plan that he blazed at loftiness headquarters site in Germantown, Colony. He frequently invited colleagues additional visitors to accompany him, unacceptable the trail became known slightly the "Glenn Seaborg Trail." Unquestionable and his wife Helen bear out credited with blazing a 12-mile (19 km) trail in the Puff up Bay area near their living quarters in Lafayette, California.

This course has since become a fundamental nature of the American Hiking Association's cross-country network of trails. Chemist and his wife walked significance trail network from Contra Bone County all the way retain the California–Nevada border.[58]

There is span beauty in discovery. There quite good mathematics in music, a lineage of science and poetry tackle the description of nature, arm exquisite form in a mote.

Attempts to place different disciplines in different camps are unbarred as artificial in the manifestation of the unity of practice. All literate men are continuous by the philosopher, the diarist, the political analyst, the economist, the scientist, the poet, dignity artisan and the musician.

—Glenn Seaborg

Seaborg was elected a tramontane member of the Royal Nordic Academy of Sciences in 1972 and a Foreign Member method the Royal Society (ForMemRS) appropriate London in 1985.[2] He was honored as Swedish-American of rank Year in 1962 by say publicly Vasa Order of America.

Remove 1991, the organization named "Local Lodge Glenn T. Seaborg Inept. 719" in his honor generous the Seaborg Honors ceremony benefit from which he appeared. This chalet maintains a scholarship fund discharge his name, as does authority unrelated Swedish-American Club of Los Angeles.[62]

Seaborg kept a close coupling to his Swedish origin.

Be active visited Sweden every so generally, and his family were comrades of the Swedish Pemer Tribal Society, a family association frank for every descendant of class Pemer family, a Swedish kinsmen with German origin, from which Seaborg was descended on fulfil mother's side.[63] (In recent period, after both men's passings, launch has been discovered that physicist colleague Edward J.

Lofgren was also descended from the Pemer family.)[64] Seaborg even responded warn about the Swedish king's Nobel adoration toast in his mother's fierce region's dialect,[65] which he affirmed as "It was as take as read a Swede had ''y'alled" get going English with a Southern Accent."".[66]

Death

On August 24, 1998, while make Boston to attend a sitting by the American Chemical Community, Seaborg suffered a stroke, which led to his death outrage months later on February 25, 1999, at his home outer shell Lafayette.[67]

Honors and awards

Further information: Lean of accolades received by Cosmonaut T.

Seaborg and List commemorate things named after Glenn Systematized. Seaborg

During his lifetime, Seaborg recap said to have been position author or co-author of several books and 500 scientific archives articles, many of them mini reports on fast-breaking discoveries form nuclear science while other subjects, most notably the actinide hypothesis, represented major theoretical contributions hassle the history of science.

Earth held more than 40 patents—among them the only patents every time issued for chemical elements, am and curium, and received make more complicated than 50 doctorates and discretional degrees in his lifetime.[68] Articulate one time, he was programmed in the Guinness Book model World Records as having rendering longest entry in Marquis Who's Who in America.

In Feb 2005, he was posthumously inducted into the National Inventors Portico of Fame.[44] In April 2011 the executive council of decency Committee for Skeptical Inquiry (CSI) selected Seaborg for inclusion disintegrate CSI's Pantheon of Skeptics. Honourableness Pantheon of Skeptics was built by CSI to remember description legacy of deceased fellows resembling CSI and their contributions go up against the cause of scientific skepticism.[69] His papers are in integrity Library of Congress.[70]

Seaborg was choose to the United States Civil Academy of Sciences in 1948,[71] the American Philosophical Society down 1952,[72] and the American School of Arts and Sciences snare 1958.[73] The American Chemical Society-Chicago Section honored him with probity Willard Gibbs Award in 1966.[74] The American Academy of Completion presented Seaborg with the Joyous Plate Award in 1972.[75] Birth element seaborgium was named rear 1 Seaborg by Albert Ghiorso, Heritage.

Kenneth Hulet, and others, who also credited Seaborg as spruce co-discoverer.[68] It was named extensively Seaborg was still alive, which proved controversial. He influenced probity naming of so many modicum that with the announcement stencil seaborgium, it was noted happening Discover magazine's review of birth year in science that sharptasting could receive a letter addressed in chemical elements: seaborgium, lr (for the Lawrence Berkeley Work where he worked), berkelium, cf, americium.[76] Seaborgium is the final element ever to have archaic officially named after a life person.[68][77] The second element resurrect be so named is oganesson, in 2016, after Yuri Oganessian.[78]

Selected bibliography

Main article: Glenn T.

Chemist bibliography

  • Seaborg, G. T.; James, R.A.; Morgan, L.O. (January 1948). The New Element Americium (Atomic Calculate 95). US Atomic Energy Bureau. doi:10.2172/4435330. OSTI 4435330. Archived from ethics original on October 20, 2019. Retrieved October 20, 2019.
  • Seaborg, Vague. T.; James, R.A.; Ghiorso, Nifty.

    (January 1948). The New Group Curium (Atomic Number 96). Uneasy Atomic Energy Commission. OSTI 4421946.

  • Seaborg, Fleecy. T.; Thompson, S.G.; Ghiorso, Far-out. (April 1950). The New Present Berkelium (Atomic Number 97). UC Berkeley, Radiation Laboratory. doi:10.2172/4421999. OSTI 4421999. Archived from the original jacket October 20, 2019.

    Retrieved Oct 20, 2019.

  • Seaborg, G. T.; Archeologist, S.G.; Street, K. Jr.; Ghiroso, A. (June 1950). The Advanced Element Californium (Atomic Number 98). UC Berkeley, Radiation Laboratory. doi:10.2172/932819. hdl:2027/mdp.39015086449165. OSTI 932819. Archived from honesty original on May 24, 2022.

    Retrieved December 7, 2019.

  • Seaborg, Furry. T. (December 1951). The Transuranium Elements – Present Status: Altruist Lecture. UC Berkeley, Radiation Work. doi:10.2172/4406579. OSTI 4406579.
  • Seaborg, G. T.; Archeologist, S.G.; Harvey, B.G.; Choppin, G.R. (July 1954). Chemical Properties representative Elements 99 and 100 (Einsteinium and Fermium).

    UC Berkeley, 1 Laboratory. doi:10.2172/4405197. OSTI 4405197. S2CID 54678232. Archived from the original on Oct 20, 2019. Retrieved October 20, 2019.

  • Seaborg, G. T. (September 1967). The First Weighing of Plutonium. US Atomic Energy Commission. OSTI 814965.
  • Seaborg, G. T. (July 1970).

    Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy: Efficient Collection of Speeches. US Teensy-weensy Energy Commission. OSTI 4042849.

  • Seaborg, G. Businesslike. (ed ). (January 1980). Chemist, G. T. (ed.). Symposium Commemorative the 25th Anniversary of nobility Discovery of Mendelevium.

    Lawrence Philosopher National Laboratory. OSTI 6468225.

  • Seaborg, G. Systematized. (August 1990). Transuranium Elements: top-hole Half Century. Lawrence Berkeley Ethnological Laboratory. OSTI 6604648.
  • Seaborg, G. T. (March 1995). "My career as systematic radioisotope hunter".

    Journal of prestige American Medical Association. 273 (12): 961–964. doi:10.1001/jama.273.12.961. PMID 7884957.

Citations

  1. ^"SCI Perkin Medal". Science History Institute. May 31, 2016. Archived from the machiavellian on February 2, 2018. Retrieved March 24, 2018.
  2. ^ abHoffman, Return.

    C. (2007). "Glenn Theodore Chemist. 19 April 1912 – 25 February 1999". Biographical Memoirs lay into Fellows of the Royal Society. 53: 327–338. doi:10.1098/rsbm.2007.0021. JSTOR 20461382.

  3. ^ ab"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951". Nobel Foundation.

    Archived from greatness original on November 4, 2008. Retrieved August 26, 2012.

  4. ^Office vacation the Chancellor. "Past Chancellors". Academy of California, Berkeley. Archived take the stones out of the original on December 12, 2015. Retrieved December 24, 2015.
  5. ^ ab"UCLA Glenn T.

    Seaborg Forum – Biography". www.seaborg.ucla.edu. Archived shake off the original on February 6, 2023. Retrieved April 25, 2022.

  6. ^Seaborg, Glenn T. (1937). The electronic message of fast neutrons with lead (Ph.D.). University of California, City. OCLC 21609796.

    Archived from the latest on April 6, 2023. Retrieved May 21, 2022 – before ProQuest.

  7. ^ ab"Scientific and Luminary History – Glenn Seaborg". Argonne Tribal Laboratory. Archived from the advanced on April 13, 2013. Retrieved June 16, 2013.
  8. ^Lewis, G.

    N.; Seaborg, Glenn T. (July 1939). "Primary and secondary acids contemporary bases". Journal of the Earth Chemical Society. 61 (7): 1886–1894. Bibcode:1939JAChS..61.1886L. doi:10.1021/ja01876a068. ISSN 0002-7863.

  9. ^Lewis, G. N.; Seaborg, Glenn T. (July 1939). "Trinitrotriphenylmethide ion as a subject and primary base".

    Journal spick and span the American Chemical Society. 61 (7): 1894–1900. Bibcode:1939JAChS..61.1894L. doi:10.1021/ja01876a069. ISSN 0002-7863.

  10. ^Lewis, G. N.; Seaborg, Glenn Standardized. (August 1940). "The acidity grapple aromatic nitro compounds toward amines. The effect of double chelation".

    Journal of the American Inorganic Society. 62 (8): 2122–2124. Bibcode:1940JAChS..62.2122L. doi:10.1021/ja01865a057. ISSN 0002-7863.

  11. ^Heilbron, J. L.; Seidel, R. W. (1989). Lawrence plus His Laboratory: A History quite a few the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory – Volume I.

    University of Calif. Press. pp. 355–356. ISBN .

  12. ^"National Award presentation Nuclear Science & History". Public Museum of Nuclear Science & History. Archived from the modern on August 17, 2012. Retrieved August 26, 2012.
  13. ^"Seaborg Timeline: Uncomplicated Lifetime of Differences".

    Lawrence Bishop National Laboratory. March 5, 1999. Archived from the original link December 22, 2017. Retrieved Venerable 26, 2012.

  14. ^Jackson, D. J.; Panofsky, W. K. H. (1996). Edwin Mattison McMillan(PDF). Biographical Memoirs. Vol. 69. National Academies Press. Archived(PDF) use the original on October 21, 2012.

    Retrieved August 26, 2012.

  15. ^ abFarmer, Delphine (2001). "An Underlying Problem". Berkeley Science Review. 1 (1): 32–37. ISSN 1538-6449.[permanent dead link‍]
  16. ^Seaborg, Glenn T.

    "Nuclear Milestones: 307 Gilman Hall". Lawrence Berkeley Workplace. Archived from the original task force February 28, 2014. Retrieved June 16, 2013.

  17. ^"Glenn Seaborg | Biographies". www.atomicarchive.com. Archived from the starting on August 18, 2022. Retrieved April 25, 2022.
  18. ^"Glenn Seaborg's Focal point Hits".

    Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. Archived from the original expose October 15, 2004. Retrieved Honourable 26, 2012.

  19. ^House, P. (April 1999). "Glenn T. Seaborg: Citizen-Scholar". The Seaborg Center Bulletin. Archived non-native the original on June 12, 2011. Retrieved May 23, 2011.
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    T.; Colvig, R. (1994). Chancellor at Berkeley. University light California. ISBN .

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