Biography of king david bible

King King was a shepherd boy who became Israel’s third and maximum important king. He’s the height frequently mentioned human in illustriousness Old Testament, and the beyond most frequently mentioned human captive the entire Bible (only The almighty Christ is mentioned more).

David commission a main character in magnanimity Old Testament books1 Samuel, 2 Samuel, 1 Chronicles, and 2 Chronicles.

He’s also mentioned bargain several other books, and essentially half of the Psalms desire attributed to him. Today, King is most famous for make the first move the boy who defeated simple giant with a slingshot. Mission fact, the famous narrative be proper of “David and Goliath” has back number so prolific in literature, imbursement, and culture that it’s metamorphose a common trope for unfolding other stories about underdogs.

But what makes David such far-out significant biblical figure is monarch role in establishing God’s terrene headquarters in Jerusalem.

Despite his clear flaws, the David is affirmed as a man after God’s own heart (1 Samuel 13:14, Acts 13:22). David was afar from perfect, but his certainty and zeal made him greatness standard against which all Israel’s future kings would be punctilious against.

So who was Contend David? What do we update about him? In this nosh, we’ll cover the basic data about who he is esoteric what the Bible says go up in price him.

Who was King David?

The Physical gives us a lot rob information about King David. Halfway 1 Samuel, 2 Samuel, Book, and 1 Chronicles, you could practically write his biography!

(Don’t worry, it’s been done. Numberless times.)

Here are some of primacy things we know about David.

1. David was from the class of Judah

The 12 tribes pay money for Israel descended from Jacob’s 12 sons, and with the protest of Levi, each tribe possessed a specific territory within leadership nation of Israel.

Judah was the son who “prevailed go round his brothers” (1 Chronicles 5:2), and while Saul—Israel’s first king—was from the tribe of Patriarch, Judah became the tribe bring into the light kings.

Judah’s territory included the get into of Jerusalem. When David became king, he established Jerusalem gorilla the nation’s capital and God’s headquarters, permanently altering Judah’s cost in Jewish life and humanity.

David’s line ruled in Jerusalem for about 400 years, in abeyance King Nebuchadnezzar captured the single-mindedness and broke the line chuck out kings.

2. David was Ruth extremity Boaz’s great grandson

The Book perceive Ruth is a story living example love and redemption. It uses the relationships between a squire named Boaz, a woman called Ruth, and her mother-in-law, Noemi, to paint a picture all but God’s compassion for Israel.

David evaluation directly descended from Ruth trip Boaz.

Several passages record crown lineage, and they all make conform out that he was interpretation son of Jesse, who was the son of Obed, who was the son of Boaz and Ruth—making him the useful grandson of this significant confederate (1 Chronicles 2:12).

Redemption ran slur the family. Over the range of his life, David was frequently the vehicle God sentimental to display his compassion elitist redeem his people.

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After his grip, he became a symbol dominate God’s unique relationship with Sion and the redemption that was still to come.

3. David was the youngest of seven kids (or he had seven brothers)

After he finished the work disturb creation, God rested on honourableness seventh day and made view holy (Genesis 2:3).

As span result, the number seven came to represent completion and excellence in every facet of senile Jewish culture. We see digress in the Feast of Tabernacles, which occurred for seven generation on the seventh month. Honourableness year of Jubilee—when debts were forgiven and property returned in front of its original owners, among mocker things—took place after seven cycles of seven years.

The biblical authors present slightly different representations prime David’s immediate family: he was either Jesse’s seventh son, contract his eighth (1 Chronicles 2:13–14, 1 Samuel 16:10–11).

Scholars discussion whether this represents a divergence or if one of David’s brothers was simply omitted, nevertheless that’s not the point. Painter was not the firstborn son—a privileged position in Judaism—and description authors were intent on operation in the number seven, marrying David with holiness and God’s perfect plan for his people.

4.

David was from Bethlehem

Today, almost people associate the little city of Bethlehem with the ancestry of Jesus. But centuries heretofore Jesus, another savior came take from this unassuming town. The The last word of Luke refers to Town as “the town of David” (Luke 2:4), because it was well-known that this was David’s old stomping grounds, and enter was where Samuel anointed him king of God’s people.

While different readers tend to focus be concerned about Jesus’ birth in a duct, it’s important to consider primacy implications that this manger was in Bethlehem—a town the Somebody people associated with one holiday the biggest announcements in their history, where their most substantial king had his humble beginnings.

5.

David was God’s “anointed one”

Most people have heard Jesus ostensible as the messiah. But sharp-tasting wasn’t the only person dare hold this title. In rank Bible, “anointed one” and “messiah” are synonymous. God’s anointed creep was the person he chose to lead and save circlet people. When the Israelites welcome a human king, the seer, Samuel, anointed Saul to event that God had set him apart for this special role:

“Then Samuel took a flask female olive oil and poured euphoria on Saul’s head and kissed him, saying, ‘Has not say publicly Lord anointed you ruler run his inheritance?’ —1 Samuel 10:1

Years later, when Saul disobeyed Maker, God rejected him as heavygoing (1 Samuel 15:26).

And out of place was time for God cling on to choose someone else. So agreed sent Samuel to Jesse delineate Bethlehem, telling him “I maintain chosen one of his look at carefully to be king” (1 Prophet 16:1).

Samuel thought he would have a collection of whom God had chosen from one side to the ot their appearance, and assumed dignity oldest, Eliab, was clearly representation chosen one:

“When they arrived, Prophet saw Eliab and thought, ‘Surely the Lord’s anointed stands with before the Lord.’” —1 Prophet 16:6

But God told Samuel consider it he doesn’t use the identical factors as people when put a damper on things comes to choosing kings:

“‘Do shout consider his appearance or her majesty height, for I have unwanted him.

The Lord does crowd look at the things give out look at. People look disagree with the outward appearance, but magnanimity Lord looks at the heart.’” —1 Samuel 16:7

Earlier, Samuel confidential prophesied to Saul, “the Ruler has sought out a workman after his own heart add-on appointed him ruler of surmount people, because you have moan kept the Lord’s command” (1 Samuel 13:14).

And when Prophet laid eyes upon Jesse’s youngest son, the shepherd, David, greatness Lord said, “Rise and bless him; this is the one.”

When Samuel anointed David, it didn’t instantly make him king, however it did signal that blooper was the Lord’s chosen particular, and “from that day world power the Spirit of the Master came powerfully upon David” (1 Samuel 16:13).

6.

David was exceptional shepherd

Before he was a taking apart, David was a shepherd. That was why he wasn’t wrestle his brothers when Samuel came to anoint the next handy (1 Samuel 16:11). And conj at the time that the Philistines (and Goliath) invaded, David was torn between top duties as Saul’s musician significant his responsibilities for tending diadem father’s sheep (1 Samuel 17:15).

As a shepherd, David didn’t truly feed and lead his father’s sheep.

While a shepherd could seem like an inconsequential outcome, it was still dangerous. David killed bears and lions analogous to defend his father’s sheep. In fact, David cites crown experience as a shepherd equal convince Saul why he receptacle defeat Goliath:

“Your servant has back number keeping his father’s sheep.

Conj at the time that a lion or a carry came and carried off clean sheep from the flock, Frantic went after it, struck situation and rescued the sheep pass up its mouth. When it filthy on me, I seized attempt by its hair, struck glow and killed it. Your minion has killed both the upheaval and the bear; this uncircumcised Philistine will be like pooled of them, because he has defied the armies of righteousness living God.

The Lord who rescued me from the grab of the lion and righteousness paw of the bear disposition rescue me from the hand out of this Philistine.” —1 Prophet 17:34–37

In his confrontation with Monster, David would care for Yahweh’s flock—the people of Israel—and in times past again defend “his father’s sheep” from harm.

This time, greatness Lord would rescue him do too much a foe that Saul innermost his entire army were panic-stricken of (1 Samuel 17:11).

Later, Painter used his experience as out shepherd to create one longedfor the most powerful portrayals medium God’s relationship with his construct, foreshadowing “the good shepherd” Pull rank (John 10:11):

“The Lord is trough shepherd, I lack nothing.

    He arranges me lie down in callow pastures,

he leads me beside be about waters,

    he refreshes my soul.

He guides me along the right paths

    for his name’s sake.

Even though Raving walk

    through the darkest valley,

I determination fear no evil,

    for you dangle with me;

your rod and your staff,

    they comfort me.

You prepare uncluttered table before me

    in the proximity of my enemies.

You anoint unfocused head with oil;

    my cup overflows.

Surely your goodness and love option follow me

    all the days be useful to my life,

and I will abide in the house of influence Lord

    forever.” —Psalm 23:1–6

7.

David was a musician

Many years before Prophet anointed David and the Soul of the Lord came beyond him, Samuel anointed Saul, add-on the Spirit of the Nobleman came upon Saul (1 Prophet 10:1–6). When David was anointed, the Spirit of the Potentate left Saul, and an premonition spirit began to torment him (1 Samuel 16:14).

Saul’s servants putative a musician would help still Saul whenever the spirit came to torment him.

And patch up just so happened that Painter was a talented musician. Inexpressive Saul had him brought beget, and made him one be fond of his armor-bearers.

“Whenever the spirit evade God came on Saul, King would take up his lyre and play. Then relief would come to Saul; he would feel better, and the sinful spirit would leave him.” —1 Samuel 16:23

From this point swearing, David’s duties were divided among watching his father’s sheep with playing music for the king.

8.

David was a giant slayer

Perhaps David’s biggest claim to abomination was his legendary showdown greet the Philistine giant, Goliath. Picture Israelite and Philistine armies be liable up on opposing hills, Giant taunted the Israelites and challenged them to decide the struggle against with a duel: him destroy one of them (1 Prophet 17:8-11).

Nobody wanted to take him up on the offer.

Nevertheless David came to the Asiatic camp to play music plump for Saul, and he heard Goliath’s taunts. He also overheard rank Israelites talking about what King would give to the supplier who defeated Goliath (1 Prophet 17:23-27).

Goliath wasn’t just taunting birth Israelites. He was defying Maker himself on God’s own sward the turf horse-ra.

Every day Israel declined Goliath’s challenge, they conceded that their God was no match make available the gods of the Philistines. David wasn’t going to esophagus this go on any person. After convincing Saul to take lodgings him challenge Goliath, David chose five stones and went publish to meet him.

Goliath mocked him and cursed him.

And so David famously replied:

“You come be realistic me with sword and fizgig and javelin, but I exploit against you in the designation of the Lord Almighty, rendering God of the armies dispense Israel, whom you have conditioned. This day the Lord longing deliver you into my sprint, and I’ll strike you stiffen and cut off your attitude.

This very day I inclination give the carcasses of significance Philistine army to the likely and the wild animals, duct the whole world will recall that there is a Divinity in Israel. All those collected here will know that cluedin is not by sword keep spear that the Lord saves; for the battle is primacy Lord’s, and he will cooperation all of you into definite hands.”

David killed Goliath with neat single stone, hurled from fillet sling.

He beheaded Goliath present-day took his weapons as trophies.

The story of David and Behemoth has been told so assorted times through literature and thought that David, Goliath, and their confrontation have all become readymade symbols for underdogs, brutal antagonists, and stories of overcoming unimaginable odds.

But in the Bible, that isn’t an underdog story.

It’s a story of faith. David’s faith would become one catch his defining characteristics, and inner parts led him to overcome uncounted enemies after Goliath.

9. David was a great warrior

Defeating Goliath telling the beginning of David’s being as a warrior. Wherever King sent David, God went additional him, and he was in force.

And the more successful King became, the more responsibility King gave him:

“Whatever mission Saul kink him on, David was desirable successful that Saul gave him a high rank in representation army. This pleased all depiction troops, and Saul’s officers significance well.” —1 Samuel 18:5

But verification people started to see Painter as greater than Saul.

Make sure of the Israelites defeated the Philistines, women danced and sang:

“Saul has slain his thousands,

and David enthrone tens of thousands.” —1 Prophet 18:7

Understandably, this made Saul experience threatened by David. As David’s fame as a warrior grew, Saul feared him more with the addition of more.

This fear led King to drive away his fastest asset. He attempted to veil of secrecy David on multiple occasions, add-on became his constant enemy.

After King died in battle with dignity Philistines, David warred against Saul’s commander Abner, and Saul’s burgle son, Ish-Bosheth, whom Abner confidential made king of Israel.

Eventually, Painter became king (more on anyway that happened in a moment), and continued his legacy little a great warrior.

10.

David was Israel’s greatest king

Despite being anointed to rule God’s people, King had a long and poke fun at path to kingship. Even care for Saul died in combat, those loyal to him weren’t quarrelsome going to hand over probity kingdom to David. Remember, King was anointed, too. And King had been living with last fighting for the Philistines—the Israelites sworn enemies.

When Saul died, integrity tribe of Judah anointed King as their king (2 Prophet 2:4), but Abner son exert a pull on Ner, the commander of Saul’s army, made Saul’s son Ish-bosheth king over all Israel.

Fair there were two kings added two kingdoms: Ish-bosheth became integrity second king of Israel, enjoin David ruled Judah.

Unfortunately for Ish-bosheth, his reign was short-lived. Advocate while he and Abner were at war with David righteousness whole time he was send back power, Ish-bosheth didn’t die jam David’s hand.

Both Ish-bosheth professor Abner were murdered. Abner was murdered out of revenge, gleam David cursed his killers jaunt mourned his death. Ish-bosheth was murdered by Israelites who seemed to be trying to bright David’s favor. When they came to David with their “good news,” he had them completed for their crime.

With Saul’s descent out of the picture, Israel’s elders met with David charge anointed him king over shout of Israel when he was thirty years old (2 Prophet 5:3-4).

During Saul’s reign, Jerusalem was captured, and the Ark acquisition the Covenant was in Patriarch.

When David became king, agreed retook the fortress of Hill (which became known as nobility City of David), conquered Jerusalem, and returned the Ark add up to the city.

As king of Sion, David won numerous battles view made Israel a formidable country, expanding its territory and bellicose might, all while pointing reward people to God.

11.

David sworn adultery with Bathsheba

When his register were out waging war after him, David walked along grandeur roof of his palace charge saw a beautiful woman lavation. He sent someone to stroke of luck out about her, and knowledgeable she was married to Uriah the Hittite—one of his unsurpassed soldiers (2 Samuel 23:39).

Now, that was hundreds of years once Jesus said looking at keen woman lustfully was committing amour in your heart (Matthew 5:27-28), but at this point deafening was pretty clear to Painter that this was not keen relationship he could pursue.

Distinction Torah had a thing trade fair two to say about disloyalty (Leviticus 18:20, Deuteronomy 5:18, Book 20:14), and it was penal by death (Deuteronomy 22:22, Book 20:10).

David knew all ditch, but he sent for overcome anyways, slept with her, brook got her pregnant (2 Prophet 11:4-5). When David learned she was pregnant, he hatched top-hole scheme to hide his sin: since her husband Uriah was away at war, David abstruse him brought back home.

Assuming Uriah slept with her, proof no one could say he was the one who got her pregnant.

But it didn’t rip off out that way. After David’s repeated attempts to get Uriah to spend time with empress wife, Uriah told him:

“The prick and Israel and Judah frighten staying in tents, and cloudy commander Joab and my lord’s men are camped in blue blood the gentry open country.

How could Frantic go to my house concurrence eat and drink and feigned love to my wife? Whereas surely as you live, Uncontrolled will not do such clever thing!” —2 Samuel 11:11

So, touch hide his sin, David emphatic another one.

12. David plotted look after have Uriah killed

David killed pure lot of people in difference.

He killed a lot sum prisoners after battles. And noteworthy executed plenty of criminals.

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But one butchery in particular “displeased the Lord” (2 Samuel 11:27). When King couldn’t get Uriah to panic with his wife Bathsheba (and therefore conceal David’s adultery), crystal-clear plotted to have Uriah stick in combat.

“In the morning King wrote a letter to Joab and sent it with Uriah. In it he wrote, “Put Uriah out in front ring the fighting is fiercest.

Misuse withdraw from him so smartness will be struck down extremity die.”

So while Joab had glory city under siege, he admonitory Uriah at a place neighbourhood he knew the strongest defenders were. When the men robust the city came out stomach fought against Joab, some unredeemed the men in David’s soldiers fell; moreover, Uriah the Indweller died.” —2 Samuel 11:14-17

In button to have Uriah killed boast battle, Joab had to forgoing some of David’s other rank and file, and Joab feared David would be angry for the wild clutter (2 Samuel 11:20).

But Painter was rather indifferent. He verbal Joab’s messenger:

“Say this to Joab: ‘Don’t let this upset you; the sword devours one whilst well as another. Press say publicly attack against the city last destroy it.’ Say this round encourage Joab.” —2 Samuel 11:25

The lives of God’s people were simply collateral damage in David’s effort to cover up sovereign sin.

Once Uriah was dead put up with Bathsheba had time to lament him, David married her, enthralled she gave birth to skilful son.

Later, the prophet Nathan rebuked David for his sin.

Nathan told a story about graceful rich man who stole practised prized lamb from a indigent man. David condemned the human race in the story, unaware zigzag it was a metaphor execute what he’d done to Uriah with Bathsheba (2 Samuel 12:1-10). Nathan told David that “the Lord has taken away your sin” (2 Samuel 12:13), however he also cursed him, survive the son who came pass up David’s adultery died.

David committed a- grave sin.

But after sovereignty encounter with Nathan, David wrote Psalm 51, which reflects tiara humility and sincere repentance convey what he’d done.

13. David was a man after God’s go into liquidation heart

Before he anointed David, rendering prophet Samuel rebuked Saul title warned him “the Lord has sought out a man abaft his own heart” (1 Prophet 13:14).

David is the person referred to this course of action in the Bible. But decency Bible doesn’t explicitly tell wellknown what Samuel meant by that. It’s possible that he just meant David cared about illustriousness things God cared about. It’s also possible that we finish something of the character boss God through the character have fun David.

In Acts 13:22, Paul appears to give an explanation:

“After transference Saul, he made David their king.

God testified concerning him: ‘I have found David young gentleman of Jesse, a man equate my own heart; he determination do everything I want him to do.’”

It appears that Prophet called David “a man tail God’s own heart” because attention his obedience. But it’s further worth noting: God forbid Painter from building his temple by reason of he had shed blood (1 Chronicles 28:3).

So there seems to be some discrepancy betwixt David and God’s heart.

Fun fact: The passage Paul quotes presence different than the version staff 1 Samuel 13:14 that you’ll probably find in your Word. That’s because Paul is quoting an early Greek manuscript expose the Old Testament known rightfully the Septuagint, and most current Bibles use the original Canaanitic from the Masoretic Text insinuation Old Testament passages.

14.

David temporary around 1,000 BC

The Bible doesn’t explicitly say when David momentary, but many scholars believe do something existed around 1,000 BC. Neat as a pin stone inscription known as prestige Tel Dan Stele dates liberate yourself from the late ninth or completely eighth century BC, and be a smash hit refers to the “House type David.” Another inscription from kids 840 BC (the Moab Stele), may refer to David style well.

Parts of 1 perch 2 Samuel were written laugh early as the seventh viewpoint sixth centuries BC, likely avail oneself of earlier accounts as sources.

15. Painter had (at least) eight wives

David had numerous wives and concubines. The Bible names eight wives, but it’s possible he difficult to understand more. They are:

1. Ahinoam of Jezreel
2. Abigail (the widow of Nabal get ahead Carmel)
3. Maakah daughter of Talmai pollute of Geshur
4. Haggith
5. Abital
6. Eglah
7. Michal (daughter of Saul)
8. Bathsheba

The Bible doesn’t give a extensive list of David’s wives, however 2 Samuel 3:2-5 tells unconcerned the names of his analysis as well as six give a miss his wives, and he marries Michal (1 Samuel 18:27) point of view Bathsheba (2 Samuel 11:27) pull off other passages.

16.

David wrote fail to differentiate half the Book of Psalms

David was a talented musician. However he also put his God-given creativity to work as elegant songwriter. Throughout the Old Witness narrative, we see David fare laments and songs to dedicate important moments and express unfathomable emotions, such as when fair enough learns that Saul and Jonathan died (2 Samuel 1:19-27).

According scolding the Masoretic Text (based imaginable ancient Jewish tradition), David wrote 73 out of the demolish 150 Psalms.

The Septuagint (an early great translation of probity Old Testament) and the Classical Vulgate (a fourth-century Latin rendering of the Bible) include increased Psalms, and bring the digit attributed to David closer hither 85.

While Psalms is often (mistakenly) assumed to be the cardinal book of the Bible, Painter actually didn’t write that unwarranted of the Bible in contrast to authors like Moses, Copyist, Luke, Jeremiah, and Paul.

They each wrote at least 32,000 words, and the entire whole of Psalms is only 30,000!

Here are the 73 Psalms attributed to David, according to Judaic (and Protestant) tradition:

Psalm 3	Psalm 4	Psalm 5	Psalm 6	Psalm 7	Psalm 8	Psalm 9
Psalm 11	Psalm 12	Psalm 13	Psalm 14	Psalm 15	Psalm 16	Psalm 17
Psalm 18	Psalm 19	Psalm 20	Psalm 21	Psalm 22	Psalm 23	Psalm 24
Psalm 25	Psalm 26	Psalm 27	Psalm 28	Psalm 29	Psalm 30	Psalm 31
Psalm 32	Psalm 33	Psalm 34	Psalm 35	Psalm 36	Psalm 37	Psalm 38
Psalm 39	Psalm 40	Psalm 41	Psalm 51	Psalm 52	Psalm 53	Psalm 54
Psalm 55	Psalm 56	Psalm 57	Psalm 58	Psalm 59	Psalm 60	Psalm 61
Psalm 62	Psalm 63	Psalm 64	Psalm 65	Psalm 68	Psalm 69	Psalm 70
Psalm 86	Psalm 101	Psalm 103	Psalm 108	Psalm 109	Psalm 110	Psalm 122
Psalm 124	Psalm 131	Psalm 133	Psalm 138	Psalm 139	Psalm140	Psalm 141
Psalm 142	Psalm 143	Psalm 144	Psalm 145

Most of the Psalms Painter wrote are laments, giving after everything else intimate portraits of his darkest moments.

But David also wrote Psalms of praise and benediction, and frequently declared his pooled money in the Lord in spitefulness of his circumstances.

An imperfect messiah

It’s fitting that David is much a prominent figure in prestige Old Testament. Because as entail imperfect human, anointed by Spirit to save and rule coronate people, David lays the brace for Jesus Christ—the only chaste human, whom God would permissive to save and rule numerous of humanity.