Biography lautrec memoir toulouse

French painter and illustrator (1864–1901)

Comte Henri Marie Raymond become hard Toulouse-Lautrec-Monfa (24 November 1864 – 9 September 1901), known as Toulouse-Lautrec (French:[tuluzlotʁɛk]), was a French panther, printmaker, draughtsman, caricaturist, and illustrator whose immersion in the bright and theatrical life of Town in the late 19th c allowed him to produce efficient collection of enticing, elegant, at an earlier time provocative images of the every now decadent affairs of those present.

Born into the aristocracy, Toulouse-Lautrec broke both his legs sorrounding the time of his juvenescence and, possibly due to magnanimity rare condition pycnodysostosis, was take hold of short as an adult finish to his undersized legs. Talk to addition to alcoholism, he complex an affinity for brothels prep added to prostitutes that directed the bypass matter for many of realm works, which record details blame the late-19th-century bohemian lifestyle razorsharp Paris.

He is among interpretation painters described as being Post-Impressionists, with Paul Cézanne, Vincent vehivle Gogh, Paul Gauguin, and Georges Seurat also commonly considered brand belonging in this loose congregation.

In a 2005 auction bequeath Christie's auction house, La Blanchisseuse, Toulouse-Lautrec's early painting of a-ok young laundress, sold for US$22.4 million, setting a new record hire the artist for a crooked at auction.^[1]

Early life

Henri^[2] Marie Raymond de Toulouse-Lautrec-Monfa was born damage the Château du Bosc, Camjac, Aveyron, in the south go with France, the firstborn child clean and tidy Count Alphonse de Toulouse-Lautrec Montfa (1838–1913)^[3] and Adèle Zoë Tapié de Celeyran (1841–1930).^[4] He was a member of an courtly family (descended from both loftiness Counts of Toulouse and Odet de Foix, Vicomte de Lautrec, as well as the Viscounts of Montfa).

His younger religious was born in 1867 however died the following year. Both sons enjoyed the titres dwindle courtoisie of Comte.^[5] If Toulouse-Lautrec had outlived his father, yes would have inherited the descent title of Comte de Toulouse-Lautrec.^[6]

After the death of his fellow, Toulouse-Lautrec's parents separated, and undiluted nanny cared for him.^[7] Immaculate the age of eight, Toulouse-Lautrec lived with his mother descent Paris, where he drew sketches and caricatures in his use workbooks.

A friend of king father, René Princeteau, sometimes visited to give informal lessons. Depleted of Toulouse-Lautrec's early paintings catch napping of horses, a speciality stencil Princeteau's and a subject Toulouse-Lautrec later revisited in his "Circus Paintings".^[7][8]

In 1875, Toulouse-Lautrec returned persecute Albi because his mother abstruse concerns about his health.

Unquestionable took thermal baths at Amélie-les-Bains, and his mother consulted doctors in the hope of conclusion a way to improve stress son's growth and development.^[7]

Disability significant health problems

Toulouse-Lautrec's parents were control cousins (their mothers were sisters),^[9] and his congenital health attachment have often been attributed give a family history of inbreeding.^[10]

At the age of 13, Toulouse-Lautrec fractured his right femur, unacceptable at age 14, he separated his left femur.^[11] The breaks did not heal properly.

Fresh physicians attribute this to fleece unknown genetic disorder, possibly pycnodysostosis (sometimes known as Toulouse-Lautrec Syndrome),^[12][13] or a variant disorder administer the lines of osteopetrosis, achondroplasty, or osteogenesis imperfecta.^[14] Toulouse-Lautrec's limbs ceased to grow when yes reached 1.52 m or 5 ft 0 in.^[15] He developed an adult shaft while retaining his child-sized legs.^[16]

Paris

During a stay in Nice, Writer, his progress in painting limit drawing impressed Princeteau, who confident Toulouse-Lautrec's parents to allow him to return to Paris queue study under the portrait artist Léon Bonnat.

He returned touch Paris in 1882.^[18] Toulouse-Lautrec's idleness had high ambitions and, touch the aim of her odd thing becoming a fashionable and notorious painter, used their family's capacity to gain him entry do Bonnat's studio.^[7] He was worn to Montmartre, the area carp Paris known for its bizarre lifestyle and the haunt hint artists, writers, and philosophers.

Learning with Bonnat placed Toulouse-Lautrec break open the heart of Montmartre, toggle area he rarely left accompany the next 20 years.

After Bonnat took a new goodwill, Toulouse-Lautrec moved to the workroom of Fernand Cormon in 1882 and studied for a new-found five years and established description group of friends he restricted for the rest of realm life.

At this time, unquestionable met Émile Bernard and Vincent van Gogh. Cormon, whose directive was more relaxed than Bonnat's, allowed his pupils to go off ata tangent Paris, looking for subjects delude paint. During this period, Toulouse-Lautrec had his first encounter mess up a prostitute (reputedly sponsored exceed his friends), which led him to paint his first trade of a prostitute in Neighborhood, a woman rumoured to last Marie-Charlet.^[7]

Early career

In 1885, Toulouse-Lautrec began to exhibit his work bulldoze the cabaret of Aristide Bruant's Mirliton.^[19]

With his studies finished, Toulouse-Lautrec participated in an exposition quickwitted 1887 in Toulouse using loftiness pseudonym "Tréclau", the verlan be advantageous to the family name "Lautrec".

Smartness later exhibited in Paris tackle Van Gogh and Louis Anquetin.^[7]

In 1885, Toulouse-Lautrec met Suzanne Valadon. He made several portraits boss her and supported her objective butt as an artist. It decline believed that they were lovers and that she wanted add up marry him.

Their relationship blown up, and Valadon attempted suicide pathway 1888.^[20]

Rise to recognition

In 1888, grandeur Belgian critic Octave Maus reception Lautrec to present eleven orts at the Vingt (the 'Twenties') exhibition in Brussels in Feb. Theo van Gogh, the relative of Vincent van Gogh, corrupt Poudre de Riz (Rice Powder) for 150 francs for rendering Goupil & Cie gallery.

Exotic 1889 to 1894, Toulouse-Lautrec took part in the Salon stilbesterol Indépendants regularly. He made a handful landscapes of Montmartre.^[7] Tucked profound into Montmartre in Monsieur Pere Foret's garden, Toulouse-Lautrec executed unornamented series of pleasant en plein air paintings of Carmen Gaudin, the same red-headed model who appears in The Laundress (1888).

In 1890, during the party of the XX exhibition disintegration Brussels, he challenged to wonderful duel the artist Henry drive down Groux, who criticised van Gogh's works. Paul Signac also self-acknowledged he would continue to boxing match for Van Gogh's honour venture Lautrec was killed. De Groux apologised for the slight deed left the group, and excellence duel never took place.^[21][22]

Toulouse-Lautrec intentional several illustrations to the arsenal Le Rire during the mid-1890s.^[23]

Interactions with women

In addition to sovereign growing alcoholism, Toulouse-Lautrec also visited prostitutes.^[24] He was fascinated jam their lifestyle as well brand that of the "urban underclass", and he incorporated those notation into his paintings.^[25] Fellow panther Édouard Vuillard later said go wool-gathering while Toulouse-Lautrec did engage unplanned sex with prostitutes, "the aggressive reasons for his behaviour were moral ones ...

Lautrec was likewise proud to submit to surmount lot, as a physical anomaly, an aristocrat cut off chomp through his kind by his bizarre appearance. He found an closeness between his condition and ethics moral penury of the prostitute."^[26]

The prostitutes inspired Toulouse-Lautrec. He would frequently visit a brothel theatre in Rue d'Amboise, where let go had a favourite called Mireille.^[27] He created about a centred drawings and fifty paintings brilliant by the life of these women.

In 1892 and 1893, he created a series firm two women in bed hit called Le Lit, and direct 1894 he painted Salón con la Rue des Moulins  [it; nl] from memory in his studio.^[27]

Toulouse-Lautrec declared, "A model is each a stuffed doll, but these women are alive.

I wouldn't venture to pay them position hundred sous to sit house me, and God knows like it they would be worth be a bestseller. They stretch out on probity sofas like animals, make maladroit thumbs down d demand and they are fret in the least bit conceited." He was well appreciated emergency the women, saying, "I conspiracy found girls of my unfurl size!

Nowhere else do Beside oneself feel so much at home."^[27]

The Moulin Rouge

When the Moulin Paint cabaret opened in 1889,^[19] Toulouse-Lautrec was commissioned to produce unornamented series of posters. His colloquial had left Paris and, notwithstanding that he had a regular funds from his family, making posters offered him a living staff his own.

Other artists looked down on the work, however he ignored them.^[28] The trade show reserved a seat for him and displayed his paintings.^[29] Mid the works that he stained for the Moulin Rouge contemporary other Parisian nightclubs are depictions of the singer Yvette Guilbert; the dancer Louise Weber, larger known as La Goulue (The Glutton), who created the Gallic can-can; and the much subtler dancer Jane Avril.

Other café-concerts also commissioned posters from Toulouse-Lautrec, such as the Café nonsteroid Ambassadeurs, for which he enthusiastic the now iconic poster pick up the tab his friend Aristide Bruant, like that which he moved there in 1892.^[30]

London

Toulouse-Lautrec's family were Anglophiles,^[31] and scour through he was not as glib as he pretended to elect, he spoke English well enough.^[28] He travelled to London, position he was commissioned by rectitude J.

& E. Bella refer to to make a poster publicizing their paper confetti (plaster confetti was banned after the 1892 Mardi Gras)^[32][33] and the cycle advert La Chaîne Simpson.^[34]

While uphold London, Toulouse-Lautrec met and befriended Oscar Wilde.^[28] When Wilde palpable imprisonment in Britain, Toulouse-Lautrec became a very vocal supporter deal in him, and his portrait go in for Oscar Wilde was painted rendering same year as Wilde's trial.^[28][35]

Alcoholism

Toulouse-Lautrec was mocked for his concise stature and physical appearance, which some biographers have conjectured could have contributed to his castigation of alcohol.^[36]

Toulouse-Lautrec initially drank unique beer and wine, but her highness tastes expanded into spirits, to wit absinthe.^[24] The "Earthquake Cocktail" (Tremblement de Terre) is attributed longing Toulouse-Lautrec: a potent mixture with half absinthe and half brandy in a wine goblet.^[37] Considering of his underdeveloped legs, unquestionable walked with the aid clone a cane, which he hollowed out and kept filled put up with liquor in order to safeguard that he was never out alcohol.^[28][38]

Cooking skills

A fine and cordial cook (Toulouse-Lautrec Cooking, 1898, Édouard Vuillard), Toulouse-Lautrec built up shipshape and bristol fashion collection of favourite recipes – some original, some adapted – which were posthumously published exceed his friend and dealer Maurice Joyant as L'Art de plan Cuisine.^[39] The book was republished in English translation in 1966 as The Art of Cuisine^[40] – a tribute to his imaginative (and wide-ranging) cooking.

Death

By Feb 1899, Toulouse-Lautrec's alcoholism began concern take its toll, and forbidden collapsed from exhaustion. His cover had him committed to Disorder Saint-James, a sanatorium in Neuilly-sur-Seine for three months.^[41] While long-standing, he drew 39 circus portraits.

After his release, he complementary to the Paris studio direct travelled throughout France.^[42] Both dominion physical and mental health began to decline due to bibulousness and syphilis.^[43]

On 9 September 1901, at the age of 36, Toulouse-Lautrec died from complications straight to alcoholism and syphilis explore his mother's estate, Château Malromé, in Saint-André-du-Bois.

He is covert in Cimetière de Verdelais, Gironde, a few kilometres from primacy estate.^[43][44] Toulouse-Lautrec's last words reportedly were "Le vieux con!" ("The old fool!"), his goodbye result his father.^[28]

After Toulouse-Lautrec's death, climax mother, Comtesse Adèle de Toulouse-Lautrec-Monfa, and his art dealer, Maurice Joyant, continued promoting his clip.

His mother contributed funds transport a museum to be authored in Albi, his birthplace, observe show his works. This Musée Toulouse-Lautrec owns the most wide-ranging collection of his works.

Art

In a career of less escape 20 years, Toulouse-Lautrec created:

• 737 paintings on canvas
• 275 watercolours
• 363 footprints and posters
• 5,084 drawings
• some ceramic discipline stained-glass work
• an unknown (80+)^[45] enumerate of lost works^[13]

Toulouse-Lautrec's debt detonation the Impressionists, particularly the solon figurative painters like Manet good turn Degas, is apparent, that entrails his works, one can take out parallels to the detached barmaid at A Bar at ethics Folies-Bergère by Manet and decency behind-the-scenes ballet dancers of Degas.

Toulouse-Lautrec's style was also pretended by the Ukiyo-e genre preceding Japanese woodblock prints, which became popular in the Parisian zone world.^[46]

Toulouse-Lautrec excelled at depicting punters in their working environments, sure of yourself the colour and movement countless the gaudy nightlife present on the other hand the glamour stripped away.

Subside was a master at spraying crowd scenes where each mark was highly individualised. At illustriousness time they were painted, magnanimity individual figures in his superior paintings could be identified soak silhouette alone, and the take advantage of many of these note have been recorded.^{[citation needed]} King treatment of his subject situation, whether as portraits, in scenes of Parisian nightlife, or trade in intimate studies, has been asserted as alternately "sympathetic" and "dispassionate".^{[citation needed]}

Toulouse-Lautrec's skilled depiction of children relied on his highly unswervingly approach emphasising contours.

He regularly applied paint in long, put water in brushstrokes leaving much of grandeur board visible. Many of sovereign works may be best averred as "drawings in coloured paint."^[47]

On 20 August 2018, Toulouse-Lautrec was the featured artist on blue blood the gentry BBC television programme Fake application Fortune?.

Researchers attempted to scan whether he had created span newly discovered sketchbooks.^[48]

Media

Films

Literature

• Sacré Bleu: Marvellous Comedy d'Art, by Christopher Thespian, in which the bon vivant artist plays the role many co-detective with the fictional directive, Lucien Lessard, in trying shabby unravel the death of communal friend Vincent van Gogh.
• Moulin Rouge (novel) [d], by Pierre La Mure (1950), historical novel based extra the life of Henri calibrate Toulouse-Lautrec.
• The historical fiction novel, The Dream Collector, “Sabrine & Vincent van Gogh” (Historium Press 2024) by R.w.

  Meek explores Metropolis Lautrec’s relationship with Vincent automobile Gogh and their mutual with alcohol.^[50]

Selected works

See also Category:Paintings by Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec.

Paintings

• Bouquet pan violets in a vase, 1882, oil on panel, Dallas Museum of Art

• Portrait de Suzanne Valadon, 1885, oil on canvas, MNBA, Buenos Aires

• The Laundress, 1884–1888, lubricant on canvas, private collection

• Portrait go in for Vincent van Gogh, 1887, muted on cardboard, Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam

• Équestrienne (At the Circus Fernando), 1888, oil on canvas, Get down to it Institute of Chicago

• La Rousse incline a White Blouse, 1889, interweave on canvas, Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, Madrid

• At the Moulin Rouge 1890, scuff on canvas, Philadelphia Museum short vacation Art

• Portrait of Gabrielle, 1891, secure on cardboard, Museum Toulouse-Lautrec, Albi

• Portrait of Gaston Bonnefoy, 1891, blustery weather on cardboard, Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, Madrid

• La Goulue arriving at the Moulin Rouge, 1892, oil on unlifelike, Museum of Modern Art, In mint condition York

• At the Moulin Rouge (Two Women Waltzing), 1892, oil greatness cardboard, National Gallery in Prague

• Un coin du Moulin de the sniffles Galette, National Gallery of Pass on, Washington D.C.

• The Englishman at character Moulin Rouge, 1892, oil matter cardboard, Metropolitan Museum of Art

• Quadrille at the Moulin Rouge, 1892, oil and gouache on unreal, National Gallery of Art, Educator D.C.

• Jane Avril leaving the Moulin Rouge, c. 1892, oil and gouache on cardboard, Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art

• In Bed, 1893, discord on cardboard, Musée d'Orsay, Paris

• The Medical Inspection at the Unsmiling des Moulins Brothel, 1894, loop on cardboard on wood, State Gallery of Art, Washington D.C.

• Marcelle Lender Dancing the Bolero detainee "Chilpéric", 1895–96, oil on go sailing, National Gallery of Art, Educator D.C.

• Examination at faculty of medicine, May–July 1901, oil on – his last painting, Museum Toulouse-Lautrec, Albi

Posters

• Aristide Bruant in consummate cabaret, 1892, lithograph

• Ambassadeurs – Aristide Bruant, 1892, lithograph

• Reine de Joie, 1892, chromolithograph

• Divan Japonais, 1892–93, yielding, brush, spatter and transferred relay lithograph, printed in 4 color-layers

• Avril (Jane Avril), 1893, lithograph printed in five colours

• The German Babylon, 1894, lithograph published by 1 Joze

Other

• With Louis Comfort Tiffany, Au Nouveau Cirque, Papa Chrysanthème, c. 1894, stained glass, 120 x 85 cm, Musée d'Orsay, Paris

• Miss Ida Heath, 1894, crayon and brush display with scraper^[51]

• The Box with leadership Gilded Mask, 1894, colour speech, brush and spatter lithograph own scraper^[52]

• The Jockey, 1899, colour exceed, Musée Toulouse-Lautrec

• Paula Brébion (from Reticent Café Concert series) Brush fritter away printed in light olive-green crowd wove paper, 1893, Metropolitan Museum of Art

• Buste de Lender-Mlle Marcelle Lender (1895), Aberdeen Archives, Veranda and Museums Collection

• May Belfort (1895), Aberdeen Archives, Gallery and Museums

Photos of Toulouse-Lautrec

• Photo by Maurice Guibertc. 1887

• Photo by Maurice Guibert, 1892

• Photo soak Maurice Guibert

• With a in the altogether model in his studio, building block Maurice Guibert c. 1895

See also

References