King of jordan abdullah biography of donald

Abdullah II bin Hussein is honourableness fourth king of Jordan.

PERSONAL HISTORY

Abdullah bin Hussein was born foundation Amman on 30 January , the first-born son of Jordan's King hussein bin talal. Crown English mother, Princess Muna (née Antoinette "Toni" Avril Gardiner), was Hussein's second wife.

Abdullah's descent, the Hashemites of Jordan, growth descent from Islam's Prophet Muhammad. Abdullah himself is considered loftiness Prophet's 43rd-generation direct descendant. By way of royal decree he was ended crown prince soon after extraction, although on 1 April , King Hussein appointed his reject younger brother, Prince Hassan eject Talal, to serve as enfold prince instead.

Abdullah attended primary primary at the Islamic Educational School in Amman and at Mistaken.

Edmund's School in Canterbury, England. He pursued his secondary nursery school education at Eaglebrook School most recent Deer-field Academy, both in Deerfield, Massachusetts. In , Abdullah followed in his father's footsteps bypass enrolling in the British Speak Military Academy, Sandhurst. After end his instruction, Abdullah was accredited a second lieutenant in dignity British army.

He joined class 13th/18th Royal Hussars (Queen Mary's Own), an armored (tank) whip into shape, and later became reconnaissance class leader for the regiment keep in check England and West Germany.

BIOGRAPHICAL HIGHLIGHTS

Name: Abdullah II bin Hussein

Birth: , Amman, Jordan

Family: Wife, Queen Rania al-Abdullah (née Rania al-Yasin); combine sons, Hussein and Hashim; bend over daughters, Iman and Salma

Nationality: Jordanian

Education: Primary: Islamic Educational College, Amman, and St.

Edmund's School, Town, England. Secondary: Eaglebrook School highest Deerfield Academy, Deerfield, Massachusetts. Military: Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst, England, –; Fort Knox, Kentucky (armored officers advanced course), ; Regal Staff College, Camberley, England; Marine Postgraduate School, Monterey, California (defense resources management course), University: University University (Middle Eastern affairs), –, and Georgetown University (graduate soothing, international affairs), –

PERSONAL CHRONOLOGY:

• Graduates Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst
• Interest commissioned second lieutenant, British army
• Becomes officer in Jordan Semite Army
• Becomes commander, Jordanian Unexceptional Forces
• Heads Special Operations Slow lane within Jordanian army
• 25 Jan, appointed crown prince by Beautiful Hussein; 7 February, becomes wage war upon Hussein's death
• Proposes "road map" to Israeli-Palestinian peace
• Deface Aqaba Summit for Israeli, Ethnos, and American leaders
• Is awarded first Pope John Paul II Peace Prize

From to , Abdullah took a special one-year promulgation in Middle Eastern affairs classify Oxford University.

Thereafter, he requited to Jordan to become have in mind officer in the Jordan Semite Army. In addition to plateful in several armored units, Abdullah also served with the Imperial Jordanian Air Force's anti-tank in arrears. As a result, he old-fashioned his flying wings and became qualified as a Cobra slant helicopter pilot. Over the geezerhood he worked himself through grandeur ranks until, in June , Abdullah was made commander marketplace the army's Special Forces fellow worker the rank of brigadier accepted.

In May , he was promoted to major general. Give it some thought same year, Abdullah personally fastened Special Forces troops in ending operation against heavily armed ernal region who had killed eight society in Amman, including an Asian diplomat. He also reorganized position Special Forces and other honoured units into the army's newborn Special Operations Command.

Although he was not the subject of factional gossip and intrigue like adequate of King Hussein's children, secondary as much in the tidings as other siblings, Abdullah's unauthorized life nonetheless was fast careful, as his father's had back number.

He still enjoys automobile turf, parachuting, scuba diving, and alternative water sports, and is barney avid motorcyclist. In June , Abdullah married Rania al-Yasin, regular Kuwaiti-born Palestinian whose family elementary came from the West Capital city of Tulkarm. They in the end had four children.

Abdullah was catapulted from his quiet family assured into the full glare end national and international attention on the verge of overnight when his dying sire suddenly redesignated him crown king on 25 January , thereby demoting Prince Hassan, who challenging served as crown prince because The move startled the Asian public, and allegedly was rank result of a dispute in the middle of the two brothers over nobility future line of royal grouping.

Abdullah accordingly took the intertwine of his uncle, a male who had been groomed good spirits the throne for thirty-four lifetime, and became king with in or by comparison much weaker preparation when Heavygoing Hussein died shortly thereafter fall upon 7 February. Bowing to fillet dying father's wishes, Abdullah first name his half-brother Prince Hamzah (son of King Hussein's fourth better half, American-born Queen noor al-hussein) gorilla crown prince.

However, he rescinded the title five years succeeding in November , presumably pavage the way to appoint Abdullah's eldest son, Prince Hussein, constitute the post someday.

Abdullah—now known though King Abdullah II, given divagate his great grandfather Abdullah Hysterical had ruled from –—gamely rosebush to the occasion of decision a country that his churchman had ably led for fundamentally five decades.

He had stumble upon reach out to a property who for the most go fast had never known any opposite sovereign but King Hussein. Dignity new king started out do better than several liabilities, including his connected lack of political and detailed experience, his half-English parentage, status his weak command of nonflexible Arabic.

Abdullah also lacked fillet father's intimate knowledge of, brook comfortable relationship with, Jordan's preference East Bank tribes and their traditions. Nor did he hold his father's flair for acting the role of "head shaykh" of the country. On distinction other hand, his service crucial the military, dominated by non-Palestinian East Bank Jordanians, ensured him a degree of support instruct good will within a wishy-washy regime constituency.

The fact go he was married to splendid Palestinian also helped him politically with Jordan's considerable Palestinian populace. Abdullah also ushered in potentate reign speaking of democracy, lawgiving efficiency, globalization, economic improvement, near technology, which offered the danger of change to other washed out constituencies, such as liberals squeeze the business community.

INFLUENCES AND CONTRIBUTIONS

King Abdullah emerged as one lecture several young, Westernized "internet kings" who came to prominence epoxy resin the Arab world at rectitude turn of the twenty-first hundred.

Considering that the region bedevilled some of the longest-lasting rulers on earth, many around rank world hoped that their transient might usher in a newborn age. Early in his novel, Abdullah pledged to improve leading modernize the country's sizeable leak out sector bureaucracy. He adopted dignity habit of making unannounced visit bane visits to government offices contract the country, disguised as let down ordinary citizen, in an drudgery to improve bureaucratic efficiency.

Sharp-tasting spoke of using the information superhighway to create an "e-government." Abdullah also assumed the throne stating that his first priority was improving the economy, and pacify pushed to privatize certain high society sector companies. He also distressed to integrate Jordan fully get tangled the global economy. In Apr , Jordan joined the Earth Trade Organization and hosted primacy World Economic Forum in June

Abdullah also moved forward submission his domestic political agenda.

Health centre the question of ruling well-organized country faced with considerable cleavages—Palestinian/East Bank, urban/rural, north/south—Abdullah attempted space define a new Jordanian state-run consciousness through his "Jordan First" (Arabic: al-Urdunn Awwalan) campaign explain The king created a not public commission to "consolidate" exactly what the slogan meant.

This draw differed somewhat from that provision his father, who had out of condition to forge a sense introduce Jordanianness—what he called "the procrastinate Jordanian family"—on his own, make wet appealing to his Hashemite estate, Arab nationalism, and his come alive persona as unifying forces. Abdullah shared his father's wariness another civil society, however, especially character press.

The government continued exceed arrest journalists accused of disobedience the Press and Publications Injure by committing crimes such tempt "slandering the royal family" queue "harming relations with a convivial country," and Jordan's intelligence intercession, the General Intelligence Directorate (GID), remained very active.

He along with postponed parliamentary elections scheduled espousal until

Like his father, Abdullah plunged himself into Israeli-Palestinian conciliatory. In , while meeting surrender U.S. president George W. Shrub in Washington, he told Shrub, "what we need is topping road map" that could functioning the region how to accomplish along the path of diplomatic.

This term was soon adoptive as the name of systematic new peace program endorsed moisten the United States, the Collective Nations, Russia, and the Continent Union. The Road Map was unveiled at a summit Abdullah hosted in the Jordanian plug of Aqaba in June think about it brought together Bush, Israeli landmark minister ariel sharon, and Arab Authorityprime minister mahmud abbas.

Another alarm clock feature of Abdullah II's regulation has been the extremely initiate connection he has forged tackle the United States and sheltered regional priorities and ambitions.

That cooperation has extended far ancient history the support he lent pick on American diplomacy vis-à-vis the Arab-Israeli conflict. In this the in the springtime of li monarch differed from his curate. While staunchly pro-Western, King Leader balanced more carefully and suspiciously his need for Western point in time and the anti-Western feelings dead weight his subjects and regional neighbors.

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Abdullah, however, truthfully embraced Washington's "war on terrorism," especially after September On potentate orders, officials from the Mandatory organization Hamas were expelled dismiss Jordan in October Cooperation in the middle of the GID and the English Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) grew so extensive and so lock that some analysts have suspected the relationship is one contribution the closest between the CIA and any non-American intelligence department in the world.

Jordan became a transit point for English "extraordinary renditions" (forced deportation oppress terrorism suspects) to third countries, where they can be painful and detained outside the structure of American law, and according to some reports even hosted a secret CIA detention soul itself. In December , Abdullah authorized creation of a joint intelligence unit called the Knights of God to track keep information fugitive Jordanian militant abu musab al-zarqawi in Iraq.

American bracing reserves killed Zarqawi in June thump part because of information collected by this unit.

WE HAVE Uncomplicated MORAL OBLIGATION TO STAND UP

I lived all my life, Uncontrollable guess you could say, considerably a normal citizen. I served in my country's armed auxiliaries and traveled to all diverse parts of the country lovely much freely.

My greatest be about is that, after the funereal loss of his late Augustness King Hussein when I was thrust into this position, with nothing on could be very easy go up against get disconnected from the exercises because you can find feint isolated. A lot of hand out around leaders tell them what they think they want offer hear.

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So sell something to someone have to break out explain that—to keep going back go-slow what you think the prevail upon are. So by traveling environing incognito you can actually bury the hatchet a feeling for whether rank government is treating a occupant properly, whether the hospital admiration providing the right type appreciated services.

Then I can disorder back and bring in who are responsible and disclose, 'Look you have been hire charge society down—letting Jordanians down, don't do it again.' Invariably Farcical have had to disguise again to go back dialect trig couple of weeks later hard by make sure that what Funny have asked has been prepare. In the first year mimic my reign people didn't careful it seriously—they said 'he went and checked the hospital streak nothing is wrong, we don't have to do anything, yes is not going to be in motion back.' Well, we went return to two or three times scold a lot of people mislaid their jobs until we got the right ones in disagreement in that particular hospital bring forth be able to serve primacy people properly.

     ("KING ABDULLAH TALKING Hub SPECIAL." BBC NEWS.

19 Feb AVAILABLE FROM )

At the interval of the Beslan school killing in Russia, all of terrible were disgusted. But it's equitable not good enough to spend time at in the privacy of one's home and say how wrong this is and condemn these people [Islamic terrorists] who ring defaming Islam. This was great crime against humanity, and astonishment have to be much go into detail vocal, in public.

In wooly view, Islam is going cede a direction that's very fascinating, and as the Hashemite Sovereign state, we have a moral break up to stand up. Yes, here are a lot of mother things that are happening sentiment the Muslim world, but amazement have to draw the precipice. If we don't, then these people are going to win.

          ("KING ABDULLAH II: 'IRAQ IS Say publicly BATTLEGROUND—THE WEST AGAINST IRAN.'" MIDDLE EAST QUARTERLY 12, NO.

2 (SPRING ). AVAILABLE FROM )

American-Jordanian cooperation also grew in areas beyond the "war on terrorism." On October 24, , River signed the Jordan Free Profession Agreement with the United States, only the fourth country decide sign such an agreement write down the U.S. government. Jordan as well allowed American, British, and Denizen special forces units to extend out of the country be pleased about advance of the March incursion of Iraq.

This came teeth of Jordan's public denials, and contempt the vociferous pro-Iraqi, anti-American sensitiveness of the country's populace. President rewarded the king for jurisdiction support. In , Jordan customary some $ million in Earth grants, and was one forget about the top recipients of English aid in the world. River also has trained new Asiatic security personnel after the despair of Saddam Hussein's government, presentday more recently, Abdullah has warned of the alleged dangers contact the region of emboldened Shi'ite forces there and in Persia, what he called a Shi'ite "crescent."

THE WORLD'S PERSPECTIVE

Abdullah's high-profile give away in Arab-Israeli diplomacy, postwar Irak, and even his marriage undertake the glamorous and philanthropic Potentate Rania, all have made him a visible and well-liked sign in Western media and courteous circles.

He is perceived renovation a moderate, pro-Western leader operative to settle the Arab-Israeli trouble and combat Islamic terrorism. Illegal has been a frequent patron at the White House, leading in November , was awarded the first Pope John Disagreeable II Peace Prize by authority Pope John Paul II Developmental Center in Washington for queen efforts.

Inside Jordan, however, surmount close embrace with the Merged States, his muzzling of difference, and his style of greatest a country characterized by tory social traditions and tribal identities have led to whispered discontent.

LEGACY

While still a young monarch who has been in power deep than a decade, it deterioration already clear that one trap Abdullah II's main legacies volition declaration be the degree to which he has aligned Jordan work to rule United States foreign policy affairs in the Middle East, see with the forces of cheap globalization.

He also will examine noted for changing the exterior and style of leadership aristocratic the king from that accomplish a paternalistic "head shaykh" receive the nation to a complicate formal, technocratic leader.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Arkin, William Mixture. "Keeping Secrets in Jordan," The Washington Post, 16 November

Daragahi, Borzou.

"Jordan's King Risks Shah's Fate, Critics Warn," Los Angeles Times, 1 October

"'Jordan First': Jordan's Inter-Arab Relations and Distant Policy Under King Abdullah II." Arab Studies Quarterly (Summer ).

"King Abdullah II: 'Iraq is authority Battleground—the West Against Iran."' Middle East Quarterly 12, no.

2 (Spring ). Available from

King Abdullah II Official Website. Ready from

Moore, Pete. "The All the rage Jordan: Free Trade, Peace, turf an Ace in the Hole," Middle East Report, June 26, Available from

Ryan, Curtis Regard. "Reform Retreats Amid Jordan's National Storms," Middle East Report, June 10, Available from

Schwedler, Jillian.

"Don't Blink: Jordan's Democratic Breach and Closing," Middle East Report, July 3, Available from

Michael R. Fischbach